Revolution

The three stages of revolution are: consciousness, propaganda, and armed struggle. Read about the famous Filipino heroes below and figure out which hero represents which stage of revolution.

Dr. Jose Rizal, the educated writer and scholar, was active in exposing the mistreatment of the Filipinos by the Spanish, and called for reform to government and society. He expressed these ideas through the newspaper and in books and fueled awareness in the Filipino people.

Andres Bonifacio founded the Katipunan society, an underground society against Spain. His writings, which were written in Tagalog, spread ideas that called Filipinos to unite and fight for Philippine independence.

Emilio Aguinaldo, was a brilliant military general who led a successful revolt against the Spanish. His popularity as a leader won him the election as the first president of the Republic of the Philippines. Through political and military action, Aguinaldo led Filipino armies against Spain for 2 years, declaring independence from Spain on June 12, 1898.

Painting by Carlos V. Francisco

Resources:
Cordova, T. & Espiritu, P. C. (2001) Pinoy Teach: Multicultural Curriculum, 4th Ed.
Chapter 4: Spirit of Revolution.

Susan Gage & Don McNair. Colonialism in Asia: A Critical Look

The Merriam-Webster Dictionary New Edition (2004).